The book presents classic and newest - from heuristic to logical - methods for activating engineering and technical thinking. The authors demonstrate an interdisciplinary approach to solving inventive problems and training intelligence based on universal languages. Consistency in solving scientific and technical problems is achieved by identifying and resolving contradictions. At the same time, formulating a problem in the form of a paradox turns out to be the strongest stimulus for the development of creative thought. The book contains more than 170 questions and tasks on which the interested reader can check the qualitative level of his own thinking, and in case of difficulties, refer to the solutions and answers given. Many of these tasks were voiced by the authors in 2011–2012. during seminars and trainings within the framework of the project of LUKOIL-Engineering LLC “Academy of Young Innovator”, at intellectual competitions of young specialists of the company. Recommended for engineers, teachers and students of engineering, technical and natural science specialties of universities, innovation-oriented young specialists of production and research complexes, as well as to all readers interested in developing effective, productive, efficient thinking and achieving a new intellectual level of development.