The textbook outlines the concepts of soil formation factors, composition, properties and regimes of soils. The characteristics of weeds and measures to combat them are given, the issues of constructing crop rotations and mechanical tillage are highlighted, the economic and environmental aspects of the use of fertilizers, a set of measures to protect soils in areas of water and wind erosion are considered, farming systems are analyzed and a detailed description of their main links is given . General concepts are given about environmentally friendly technologies for the production of crop products and waste-free closed-cycle technologies. Intended for students of agricultural universities studying economics. Reviewer - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Moscow State University of Environmental Management A.V. Pukhovsky.