The monograph assesses the legacy that Russia received from the former USSR in the form of the Soviet economic model and the special social mentality, economic structure, super-large industries and lack of professionalism in relation to the modern requirements of a market economy formed in it. In addition to the author's assessments, the book contains assessments of this heritage from representatives of Soviet-Russian economic science and Western Sovietology. The book is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students and students of economic universities and all those readers who follow the progress of socio-economic transformations in our country.