The monograph discusses the main trends in the development of night vision technology and the physical foundations of its work. An analysis of the current state and development trends of image intensifier tubes (IOC) for optoelectronic night vision devices is given. The principle of operation of the image intensifier tube, the main generations, their capabilities, structural elements, parameters and characteristics, and prospects for the development of the image intensifier tube are considered. The energy structure, optical and electrophysical properties of various photocathodes are described. Particular attention is paid to photocathodes based on materials with negative electron affinity and having different structures. Methods for calculating the range of action for optoelectronic night vision devices based on image intensifier tubes are presented. The book is intended for scientific and engineering workers, graduate students and senior students specializing in the field of night vision technology. Dedicated to the 20th anniversary of JSC "Scientific and Production Association "Geofizika-NV"