“Ay, Aelita!..” This call has not received a response since the time of A.N. Tolstoy. Many scientific discoveries and just as many sensational science fiction discoveries are associated with Mars. Is there life on Mars? Was she ever there? What are the prospects for the colonization of Mars by the envoys of our planet?.. The author intends to talk about all this on the eve of the 21st century, based on the latest data received from both Soviet and foreign experts. The brochure is intended for a wide range of readers.The text of the book was translated from the original language using an artificial intelligence program. For the most part, the translation of the text is of very high quality, but in some cases, due to the imperfection of the technology, there may be incorrect phrase translations in the text, as well as single words and expressions may not be translated.