The monograph is dedicated to the history of the oldest and most famous spiritual knightly order, which celebrated its 900th anniversary in 1999. Hospitallers, Johannites, Knights of Cyprus, Knights of Rhodes and, finally, Knights of Malta - all these names refer to members of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and reflect the historical path of the Order, which arose from the brotherhood of the hospital in Jerusalem at the beginning of the Crusades, and then was located in Cyprus, Rhodes, Malta, Russia and, in the last period of its history, in Rome. Particular attention is paid to the relationship of the Order with Russia. The appendices contain the texts of the original documents of the Order. Many materials were published for the first time. For a wide range of history buffs.