“The Last and First Men” is the most famous work of the master of English socio-philosophical literature of the first half of the 20th century. Olaf Stapledon.From the present - to the coming death of our world, from the creation of the Universe - to its irreversible destruction. The eschatological philosophical concept of Stapledon, in some ways akin to visionaryism, and in some ways to paraanthropology, is expressed to the maximum extent in these works-parables, which had a noticeable influence on the work of Levi-Strauss and Richard Bach.