The book addresses a wide range of problems in biological anthropology. Among them: the reproductive strategy of fossil hominins and primates in general, the emergence of conscious paternity; upright walking in fossil ancestors; evolution of brain size; nutrition (meat eating and overcoming lactase deficiency in adults); increase in human life expectancy in the process of evolution; the transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture and its demographic consequences; altruism and much more. The topics are presented in the form of fascinating popular stories that can be read in any order, thanks to which this work, which is based on lectures and articles by the American researcher Sanhee Lee, can successfully serve as a first step in getting acquainted with the issues of biological anthropology.