The history of the Jewish Autonomous Region from the very beginning of the creation of the Birobidzhan project to the present day presents new facts previously unknown to us. They reveal and confirm the reality of the events that took place in the twenties and forties, which were based on the idea of creating Jewish statehood in the Russian Far East. In this work, in addition to government structures, public organizations in Russia and the USSR, dozens of foreign organizations and leaders of a number of foreign states, hundreds of scientists, writers, poets, artists, architects were involved. The Birobidzhan project attracted under the banner on which was written “To the Jewish country!”, thousands of Jewish immigrants both from the republics of the USSR and from abroad. This book is dedicated to those who, sparing no effort and energy, created the foundation of the new Motherland and, despite persecution and repression, remained devoted and faithful to it. Not all of them have lived to this day, giving their lives in the name of the idea that brought them to the Far Eastern land, but the children and grandchildren of the first settlers must preserve the bright memory of their ancestors for the sake of future generations.