This book, for the first time in Russian literature, comprehensively analyzes the sources that have reached us, allowing us to explore the history of the relationship between the Jews and the Roman state from the first contacts of the Roman Republic with the state of the Maccabees in the first half of the 2nd century. BC e. until the loss of the Middle East by the Eastern Roman Empire as a result of the Arab conquest in the second quarter of the 7th century. n. e. An attempt is made to show that in the history of relations between the Roman state and the Jews, three stages should be distinguished: 1) before the defeat of the Bar Kochba uprising; 2) before the accession of Emperor Constantine; 3) before the Arab conquest. The author especially emphasizes that for pagan antiquity the use of the term “anti-Semitism” is fundamentally incorrect. All known anti-Jewish statements historians of pagan times are nothing more than a manifestation of the aristocratic xenophobia of individual representatives of a very narrow circle of the educated elite.

Contents: Introduction 5Chapter 1. SOURCES AND HISTORIOGRAPHY (general comments)1. Sources 262. Foreign historiography 353. Russian and Soviet historiography 53Chapter 2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST PERIOD OF ROMAN-JUDAIAN RELATIONS1. From the Maccabean revolt to the Hasmonean dynasty 702. The Jews in the Delphic manumissions 753. The first conflict between Rome and the adepts of Judaism 774. From the beginning of the reign of the Hasmonean dynasty to the rise of Herod the Great 815. Herod the Great and his reign 1016. The development of events from the death of Herod the Great to the defeat of the Bar rebellion Kochba 1167. Roman procurators in Judea in the 1st century. n. e 1368. Revolt of Bar Kochba 1389. Results 141Chapter 3. JEWS AND JUDAISM IN ROMAN LAW (1st century BC - 1st century AD)1. Prerequisites for the formalization of political and legal relations with Rome and sources of information on this issue. 1462. Conflict situations in Asia Minor 1563. Responses of the Roman authorities to petitions 1644. Results 170Chapter 4. JEWS AND JUDAISM IN ROMAN SOCIETY AND THE STATE - ATTRACTION AND REJECTION1. A foreigner within the framework of Greco-Roman culture 1882. Attitude towards the Jews and Judaism of pagan Roman society 1903. Jewish literature in Greek 1944. Attitude in Roman society towards Christianity, Judaism and, in general, exotic oriental cults 2055. The influence of ancient culture on the way of life of the Jews. Greek and Latin words in ancient Hebrew 2086. Attempts to define anti-Semitism and the ahistorical nature of most of them 2197.Types and forms of anti-Jewish sentiments 2228.Anti-Jewish sentiments of Roman writers 2259. Results 237Chapter 5. ECONOMIC LIFE OF PALESTINE IN ROMAN TIME (II century BC - II century AD)1. Economic life of the coastal zone of Palestine 2432. Economic life of the interior regions of Palestine 2483. Types of land ownership in Palestine in Roman times 2524. General assessment of the economic life of Palestine. 2625. Life of “am-ha'aretz” in the light of papyrus sources of the 1st-2nd centuries. 646.Comparison with neighboring regions 282Chapter 6. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECOND PERIOD OF ROMAN-JUDEAN RELATIONS1. Preliminary remarks 2912. Traditional presentation of the history of the patriarchs and teachers of the second century. Jews and Roman power 2993. Traditional information about patriarchy as a social Institute 3094. Law teachers of the 2nd century. n. e. and Rome 3135. Traditional presentation of stories about patriarchs and teachers of the law of the 3rd century. Jews and Roman power in the 3rd century 3156. Review of the tradition about the internal activities of the patriarchs in the 3rd century. Traditional presentation of the circumstances of conflicts with the Sanhedrin 3237. Economic life of Palestine II-III centuries. according to the Talmud 329Chapter 7. THIRD PERIOD OF ROMAN-JUDAIAN RELATIONS1. Introductory remarks 3382. Jews and Judaism in the legislation of Constantine 3404. The impact of new views on public life (events of the first half of the 4th century) 3475. Jews and Judaism in the legislation of Constantius 3506. Julian and Judaism 3537. Jews and Judaism in the legislation of Theodosius I, Arcadia and Theodosius II. Letters of Libanius as a source of information about the life and activities of the last patriarchs 3668.Jews and Judaism in the 5th century. 3809. Jews and Samaritan revolts 39110. Jews and Judaism in the legislation of Justinian 39511. Jews and Judaism in the legislation of Justinian's successors. “The Doctrine of the Newly Baptized Jacob” 40212. Jews and Judaism during the years of the Persian and Arab conquests of the Middle East (before the Battle of Jarmuk) 406Appendix 1. The most important Greek and Latin inscriptions characterizing the life of Diaspora communities1. Inscription from the city of Stoba 4182. Other inscriptions mentioning the patriarchs 4213. Samples of tombstone inscriptions mentioning life, according to the prescriptions of Judaism 4224. Tombstone of Faustina 4235. Inscription from the island of Delos (late 2nd - early 1st century BC) 4246. Inscriptions from Akmonia, Phrygia 425Appendix II. Illustrations and maps 430Bibliography 467Sources (Editions of texts, source studies comments) 467Research 474List of abbreviations 489Index 491Historical 491Geographical 492Proper names 495