In 1996, a new European biennale, Manifesta, was established. The purpose of the Manifesta is to provide an opportunity for young artists from different countries to present their work, with special attention paid to participants from Eastern Europe. In the first year of its existence, seven independent artists from Moscow came to the Biennale in Rotterdam. Oleg Kulik, together with his wife and co-author Lyudmila Bredikhina, presented a project called “Pavlov’s Dog.”