The presented work opens the first stage in the formation of modern Russian philosophical thought through the author's commentary on the main works of antiquity and the Middle Ages. As part of the study of ancient Greek philosophy, the author focuses the reader’s attention on those grains of truth, thanks to which it will be easier for a modern person to understand the world of Tradition and metaphysics, and to understand the significance and breadth of the Christian worldview using specific examples. The first volume tells about the origin of Greek philosophy, its development and successes in understanding the world.