Theoretical issues of herbal medicine are considered. The ecological and biological features of wild and cultivated medicinal plants, their use in scientific medicine of the USSR, as well as problems of nature conservation in connection with the procurement of raw materials of medicinal plants are covered. Recommendations are given on the identification, collection, drying, rational use, and methods of cultivating cultivated plants. The book is intended for a wide range of readers; it can be useful to pharmacists, amateur gardeners, students of biological faculties of universities and pedagogical institutes, teachers and students of schools, workers of the youth station .