Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bernstein is one of the most significant figures among brain researchers of the 20th century. A subtle experimenter and deep thinker, he laid the foundations of modern biomechanics and the theory of human movement control, and the new direction of research of brain functions he created - “physiology of activity” - was the embodiment of a systematic approach to the study of human and animal behavior. Having creatively mastered the achievements of the advanced physiological schools of his time, the scientist remained original and original in his research.