The collection consists of 11 essays, united by a common theme - the history of repressions against Soviet polar explorers and indigenous peoples of the North during the years of Bolshevik rule. In the main essay, with the same name as the collection, an attempt was made for the first time to summarize documented information about unfounded political repressions against Soviet polar explorers, provides information about more than 1000 repressed people. The essay “From the Stone Age - behind the barbed wire...” summarizes materials about repressions against small indigenous peoples of the Soviet North. Archival materials discovered by F. Romanenko made it possible to reconstruct the history of the Yamal Nenets uprising in 1934. Separate essays are devoted to repressions against participants in two famous expeditions in the Arctic: to rescue the group of Italian general U. Nobile, who flew to the North Pole on the airship “Italy” in May 1928 ., and the Soviet expedition led by the head of the Glavsevmoput (GUSMP) O.Yu. Schmidt on the steamer “Chelyuskin” in January-April 1934. The essay “Convoyed Winterers” is devoted to the first attempt to transport prisoners across the Arctic seas. The essay “On One Polar Myth of the Gulag” refutes reports that have spread in recent years about the sinking of the steamer Pizhma in the Arctic in 1934 with prisoners on board. The essay “Icy Breath of Triumph” is dedicated to the repressions against polar explorers during and after the work of the drifting station “North Pole” in 1937–1938, describes the repressions against participants of the polar expedition of the Northern Sea Route in 1937. Based on newly discovered archival documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of State Security and other departments, the the history of secret work to search for radioactive ores in the Central Arctic in the post-war years. The essay “Uranium Islands of the Gulag in the Eastern Arctic” describes the camp sites of the Chaunsky ITL in the lower reaches of the Kolyma and in the Pevek region, where exploration and mining of radioactive ores was carried out. Data on the geographical location of the northernmost Gulag camps are analyzed. The articles in the collection use many previously unknown archival materials and are richly illustrated.