The book brought to the attention of the reader is the first and, unfortunately, the only work of the now deceased corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Nikolai Aleksandrovich Florensov, the topic of which was outside the circle of his professional interests. Widely known in our country and abroad, geologist I.A. Florensov, the author of many books and hundreds of special articles not only on geology, but also on geomorphology and seismology, has had an irresistible desire to understand the ancient world since childhood. Throughout his life he studied ancient Greek and Roman literature and art. Being encyclopedically educated, endowed by nature with a sharp non-standard mind and rare spirituality, he approached the consideration of Homeric problems, one might say, in a highly original way, and based only on a textual analysis of the Iliad and Odyssey. For a wide range of readers.