With each new generation, peoples lose their identity, being drawn into the processes of world globalization. It is especially difficult for nations that have never created their own state. Being under threat of assimilation, they nevertheless try to preserve their identity, language and traditions. A small people is always a mystery. Basques, Maoris, Bushmen, Ainu... Where did they come from and how do they live today? This is described in the book of the famous archaeologist, doctor of historical sciences, professor of the Moscow State Regional University (MGOU) Evgeniy Vasilyevich Yarovoy.