The authors of the book are world-famous outstanding Chilean neuroscientists who, in the early seventies, proposed a radically new concept of living systems from (protozoa to humans), their origin and interrelations. Written in a lively and interesting manner, with brilliant pedagogical skill, the book “The Tree of Knowledge” makes the reader a participant in the formation of a new interdisciplinary scientific paradigm, introduces him to new views on language and its role in evolution and human communication. This paradigm is based on the principle: “Living systems are cognitive systems, and lives are the process of cognition.” The book by Francisco X. Varela and Humberto R. Maturana “The Tree of Knowledge,” which was first published in the late 80s, received widespread international fame as an intellectual bestseller. Written by top-notch scientists, some of the world's leading neuroscientists, it provides new insights into biological evolution and human cognition. The reader gets acquainted with the original concept of autopoiesis developed by the authors, which has taken a central place in the research of modern psychotherapy, strategic management, and the process of globalization