We present to the domestic reader the first translation into Russian of the basic work of the famous scientist Albert Bandura, who stands at the origins of the social-cognitive direction in psychological science. In “The Theory of Social Learning” the author systematically sets out reasonable assumptions that human behavior is regulated by complex interactions external and internal factors: social processes have no less influence on behavior than cognitive ones. The classic behaviorist formula “stimulus-response” is mediated by the introduction of social and cognitive processes.