Almost sixty years have passed since the events of the summer - autumn of 1939, when the notorious “Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact” and “Treaty of Friendship and Borders between the USSR and Germany” were signed. Nevertheless, interest in the “painful points” of our history among historians, politicians, publicists and simply the general public still does not wane. New documents that have appeared, memoirs of direct participants in the events make it possible in many respects to evaluate in a new way and without bias the steps and actions of the then politicians, their influence on the destinies of states and peoples of the planet. In the context of little-studied documents and the latest publications, this brochure makes an attempt to display our own vision of those distant events.