The monograph, based on a fairly wide range of sources (published, archival, ethnographic), traces the creation, development and functioning of the administrative, liturgical, educational and social structures of the Altai spiritual mission throughout its history. The structural description of the institutions covers almost the entire spectrum of missionary activity in Altai. Some divisions of the mission were studied for the first time (Zhulanikha and Matur missionary communities, the school named after Metropolitan Macarius, and a number of other educational institutions). Previously unknown archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation. The work systematizes the historical experience of missionary activity in Altai. It is of interest both to historians, religious scholars, teachers, local historians, and to a wide range of readers interested in the history of missionary activity in Russia.