A book is sanctified to history of group "Forward" (1909-1917) as express of ideas of the left bolshevism and "впередовства" as more wide phenomenon, and also to presentations of А. А. Богданова about socialism and ways of arrival to him and to the attempts of their embodiment in life. On the wide circle of sources, foremost arcival and printed, but being a rare book, an author is investigate the process of creation, programmatic options and activity of group "Forward" party schools for workers on Capri and in Bologna, examined А. Богдановым as a maiden attempt of realization of his idea about the "Proletarian university", богдановская conception of socialism and ways of arrival to him, attempt of making reality of ideas of Богданова about a "proletarian culture" and his activity in Пролеткульте| is shown fundamental difference of looks of Богданова from the leninist version of bolshevism. Study might-have-been alternatives leninist bolshevism is important for refutation of the until now existent mythologized ideas about bolshevism, and frequently and about all revolutionary parties together taken, as about something single and odious, undemocratic and Orthodox, and also can profit very for modern democratic forces - both at the search of the roots and ideological reference-points and at making of the program and tacticians.