The monograph is devoted to the study of the prospects for introducing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms into various spheres of human activity. The author analyzed the genesis of the concept of “artificial intelligence”, systematized and generalized the accumulated Russian and foreign experience in the use of artificial intelligence systems, assessed the positive and possible negative consequences of the use of software algorithms during the implementation of projects to improve the quality of life of society and the efficiency of various management systems. In addition, the author made an attempt to predict the impact of the widespread use of artificial intelligence models on the labor market. The scientific novelty of this scientific research lies in the development of the theoretical foundations and conceptual and categorical apparatus of the sphere of economic use of neural networks in the context of digitalization. The monograph will be useful to specialists involved in the implementation of AI algorithms in various areas of economic activity.