The reader is invited to a fundamental study in the history of pre-class society in Egypt and its neighboring countries. The work is devoted to pre-dynastic Egypt, which is studied in the monograph in connection with other ancient countries of Western Asia and Africa.

The book traces the process of development of the productive forces in Egypt until they reached a level at which the formation of class relations of production became possible society and the emergence of the state. By carefully comparing the collected archaeological and other data, the author is able to give a well-reasoned positive answer to the important question that has been discussed many times in the scientific literature about the independent development of the pre-dynastic Egyptian civilization without significant dependence on the Western Asian one. The book will be of interest to historians-orientalists, archaeologists, cultural scientists, as well as a wide range of readers - lovers of ancient history.

CONTENTS: IntroductionChapter 1. WoodChapter 2. Horn, bone and ivoryChapter 3. StoneChapter 4. MetalsGold, silver , iron and combustible metals (except copper) Tools and other products made of copper Chapter 5. Egypt and surrounding countries Import into Egypt of obsidian, azure stone and other materials About Central Asian borrowings The significance of connections between pre-dynastic Egypt and neighboring countries Chapter 6. Economy of pre-dynastic Egypt Agriculture Animal husbandry Hunting (fishing and gathering) Conclusion Applications Rock paintings of Egypt About ivory in Western AsiaCamel in ancient EgyptTablesSubject indexList of abbreviations