The book by the Russian scholar of antiquities, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor M. G. Abramzon is the first in modern historiography and a detailed study devoted to more than two hundred years of history of the organization of the Roman province in one of the regions of Asia Minor - Cilicia. In the period from the 2nd century. BC e. to the 1st century. n. e. this area played an extremely important role in international relations in the Middle East and occupied a special place in the system of Roman possessions. Based on rich factual material - information from the ancient tradition, data from epigraphy, archeology and especially numismatics, the author reconstructs in detail all the vicissitudes of historical events that took place in Cilicia during the era of the “world domination” of the Romans. The book examines the history not only of those parts of Cilicia where the usual Roman provincial government was introduced, but also of those areas that were left by Rome under the rule of local dynasts or transferred to the kings of a number of vassal Hellenistic states. Written in a strictly scientific, but at the same time good literary language , this book, without any doubt, will be useful and interesting both for specialists and for a wider range of readers interested in ancient history and culture.