The proposed monograph is a popular presentation of the latest achievements in the field of astrophysics and gravitation, which are closely related to the fundamental predictions of A. Einstein. The reader will find in the book a lot of interesting things about the contribution of scientists from different countries to this field of science, as well as in areas close to it. This book has been translated from English into French, German, Japanese, Chinese, Polish, Greek. Several of its chapters were previously translated into Russian and published in the journal Nature. The book is intended for a wide range of readers, including high school students.