The book presents not only traditional views on the foundations of psychoanalysis that have stood the test of time, but also new ones that have emerged in recent years. All sections of psychoanalysis are examined, its fascinating history is outlined, its position in the ranks of sciences is determined, the problem of development is touched upon, including the results of observations of infants, the theory of symbolization, the doctrine of dreams, the theory of diseases, and also an overview of various applied research based on psychoanalysis is given. At the same time, not only the advantages and successes of the modern psychoanalytic method are emphasized, but also the limitations with which real psychotherapeutic work is associated are paid tribute. The book can be used as a training manual for beginning psychoanalysts, as well as as a guide for practicing specialists.