This book is the first monographic study in world science of the history of the Astrakhan Khanate (1502–1556), one of the states formed as a result of the collapse of the Golden Horde. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of Russian, eastern (Arab, Turkic, Persian) and Western sources, the date of formation of the Khanate was substantiated, and a chronology of the reign of the Astrakhan khans was proposed. Particular attention is paid to the history of the relationship of the Astrakhan Khanate with the Moscow State and the Ottoman Empire, and tells about the culture of the Khanate, economy and social system. The Appendix contains tables containing a list of Astrakhan khans and Moscow-Astrakhan diplomatic contacts.