This manual was prepared taking into account the experience of delivering a general course of lectures on the history of the ancient world at the historical, philosophical and other faculties of Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov. The textbook covers the history of the ancient world from the 4th millennium BC. e. to the 5th century AD e. The authors examine the socio-economic and political development of the countries of the ancient world, the main aspects of the cultural achievements of the peoples of the ancient East, Greece and Rome. The publication was compiled in accordance with modern programs in general history for humanities faculties of universities. The textbook is intended for students and anyone interested in the history of the ancient world.