Madagascar is the second book after “Sahara” in the “Golden Fund of the Biosphere” series, published by Progress Publishing House. Despite the existing multi-volume studies of the nature of the island, it is not yet fully understood. In this monograph, scientists try to fill this gap. The richest flora and fauna, relief, climate, rare minerals, hydrographic features, the role of man in the emergence and disappearance of various landscapes, problems of protecting natural resources - this is not a complete list of issues discussed in the monograph.