Intended for specialists and everyone interested in issues of symbolism. The best study in Russia on the symbolism of the swastika. It is completely unique in the vastness and novelty of archaeological, historical, ethnographic, and art history materials. The period from the Paleolithic to the present day is covered. Particular attention is paid to the use of the swastika in the archaeological cultures of the territory of the Russian Empire - USSR - Russia and Russian traditional culture. The first and second editions of this book were published under the title “Swastika: a sacred symbol” by the White Alva publishing house in 2001-2002. The new 3rd edition is recommended for reading, as an additional chapter has been added to it, the text has been significantly improved and expanded.©