The four sections of the collection comprehensively cover the history of Moscow printing and the book culture of Rus' in the 17th century; the previously dominant concept in science, which denies the historical and educational significance of early Moscow printed books, has been revised. In the first section, based on a continuous study of documents from the Archive of the Order of Printing Books, which manages the Moscow Printing House, the repertoire of its printed products is significantly expanded, the exact circulations of publications, their cost and prices of books that were sold “to the world”, their functions, significance are named for the first time in the life of society, state, Church and individual. For the first time, based on documents, the widespread distribution of printed books was shown already in the 20s. 17th century on the territory of the state and its role in the formation and strengthening of the Romanov dynasty. In the second section, using examples of the amazing destinies of people and books, revealed through the study of thousands of surviving copies of Moscow publications, the inextricable connection between man and book in the course of the historical development of Rus' is established. The articles in the third section summarize the results of a long-term collective description of the surviving copies of Cyrillic publications in the repositories of the Tver, Perm, Rostov-Yaroslavl lands, and the study of the Cyrillic book collections of the Vatican and New York libraries. The works published in the last section allow the reader to go beyond the 17th century, learn about new discoveries in the history of printing in the 16th century and about the fate of early Cyrillic publications in the traditional culture of the Russian Old Believers of the 18th–20th centuries. The publication is intended for researchers and students studying the culture, literature, history of the state and church of late medieval Rus', and anyone interested in the history of books and Russian traditional book culture.