The monograph is dedicated to a tragedy in the history of Siberia in the 1920s and 1930s, which has not yet received adequate coverage in Russian historiography. Based on documentary materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the author examines the reasons that led to two demographic catastrophes, the death of a significant part of the population from hunger and accompanying epidemics. During the famine of 1921-1922. the Siberian provinces, contrary to the current situation, were recognized by the state as “favorable”, therefore they were obliged to help the autonomous republics and provinces of the Volga region and the Urals. Having never recovered from the tragedy of the 1920s, the Siberian village entered the period of the “Holodomor” of the first half of the 1930s. An important aspect of the book was the author’s attempt to identify the specifics of the famine in Siberia and the scope of the social disasters that accompanied it during the years of collectivization.