The book is dedicated to the outstanding Russian explorer of the 17th century. Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov. The author talks about Khabarov’s life, full of selfless labor and heroic deeds, and about his role in the development of Siberia. At the center of the story is the famous campaign of Khabarov and his comrades on the Amur in 1649–1653, which marked the beginning of the settlement of the Amur region by Russian people. The author relies on many unknown archival documents, which make it possible to shed new light on a number of issues in the biography of Khabarov and the activities of explorers on the Amur. The book is intended for high school students, all those interested in history.