The logic of the development of economic sociology as a special theory with its inherent object, subject and system of categories, “working” in line with basic socio-economic laws, is revealed. Contains an extensive historical section devoted to the stages of development of economic sociology, including current problems and trends in the development of economic sociology in the 21st century. The theoretical and methodological section examines the basic socio-economic laws of division and change of labor, the law of competition, as well as the interaction of these laws in the process of global changes in the world. For the first time, detailed methods of sociological research are presented: sociological analysis, sociological modeling, sociological examination. For students, graduate students, teachers and researchers in the field of social and economic sciences.