The volume is dedicated to the nomads of the early Iron Age (VII century BC - IV century AD), who inhabited the steppes of Asia from the Urals to Transbaikalia. The publication is based on archaeological material obtained during excavations of funerary and domestic monuments. A comprehensive analysis of archaeological sources, combined with information from ancient authors, allowed researchers to reconstruct the material and spiritual culture of ancient nomads, to give an idea of their economy, social system, relationships with the surrounding settled population, and their economic development. For archaeologists, historians, ethnographers. Contents: Preface (M.G. Moshkova). — 5Part one. Nomadic tribes of Central Asia and Kazakhstan in Scythian-Sarmatian times. — 9Introduction. — 10Natural conditions and economic zones (B.V. Andrianov). — 10General information about the early nomads of Central Asia and their groups (A.M. Mandelstam, N.G. Gorbunova). — 13The main problems in the study of the monuments of ancient pastoralists of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (B.I. Weinberg, N.G. Gorbunova, M.G. Moshkova). — 21Chapter one. Saki of the Aral Sea region. — 31Early Sakas of the Aral Sea region (M.A. Itina). — 31Chirikrabat culture in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya (B.I. Weinberg, L.M. Levina). — 47 Monuments of the Dzhetyasar culture of the mid-1st millennium BC. - mid-1st millennium AD (L.M. Levina). — 61Chapter two. Semirechye, Tien Shan, Fergana and Pamir. — 73Early nomads of Semirechye and Tien Shan (Yu.A. Zadneprovsky). — 73Early nomads of Ketmen-Tyube, Fergana and Alai (Yu.A. Zadneprovsky). — 87Early nomads of the Pamirs (Yu.A. Zadneprovsky). — 95Chapter three. Tashkent oasis, medium Syr Darya and Central Asian interfluve. — 101Early nomads of Southern Kazakhstan and the Tashkent oasis (Yu.A. Zadneprovsky). — 101Nomadic population of the Central Asian interfluve in the last centuries BC and the first centuries of our era (A.M. Mandelstam). — 107Chapter four. Left bank Khorezm and northwestern Turkmenistan. — 116Monuments of pastoral tribes in the left bank of Khorezm (B.I. Weinberg). — 116Nomads of northwestern Turkmenistan (B.I. Weinberg, X.Yu. Yusupov). — 122Chapter five. Central and Eastern Kazakhstan. — 130Central Kazakhstan (O.A. Vishnevskaya). — 130Early nomads of Eastern Kazakhstan (N.A. Bokovenko, Yu.A. Zadneprovsky). — 140Part two. The population of Western Siberia and Transbaikalia in the Scythian-Sarmatian time. — 149Introduction. — 150Natural conditions and economic zones of Western and Southern Siberia (N.A. Bokovenko, M.G. Moshkova). — 150The main problems in the study of the monuments of ancient pastoralists of Western and Southern Siberia and Transbaikalia (N.A. Bokovenko, M.G. Moshkova, V.A. Mogilnikov). — 151Chapter one. Altai and Tuva. — 161Altai and the Altai steppe (M.P. Gryaznov). — 161Early nomads of the Scythian period on the territory of Tuva (A.M. Mandelstam). — 178Hunno-Sarmatian period on the territory of Tuva (A.M. Mandelstam, E.U. Istanbulnik). — 196Chapter two. Minusinsk Basin. — 206Tagar culture (N.L. Chlenova). - 206Tesinsky stage (M.N. Pshenitsyna). — 224Tashtyk culture (E.B. Vadetskaya). — 236Chapter three. Transbaikalia in the Scythian era and the early Huns. — 247Culture of tiled graves (N.L. Chlenova). — 247Xiongnu of Transbaikalia (V.A. Mogilnikov). — 254Chapter four. Forest-steppe of Trans-Urals and Western Siberia. — 274Early Iron Age of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia (V.A. Mogilnikov). — 274Gorokhovskaya culture (V.A. Mogilnikov). — 283Forest-steppe Irtysh region in the 7th-6th centuries. BC. (V.A. Mogilnikov). — 291Sargat culture (V.A. Mogilnikov). — 292Conclusion (M.G. Moshkova). — 312Literature. — 319List of abbreviations. — 340 Captions for tables. — 342[ Tables 1-128. — 351-478 ]Indicators. — 479