In world historiography, the opinion has rightly been established that the Chisinau pogrom of 1903 became a “harbinger of the Holocaust.” Doctor Moses Borisovich Slutsky (1851-1934), “ordinary intellectual,” as he characterizes himself, author of the only known eyewitness memoirs about the Chisinau pogrom. His memoirs are given particular significance by the fact that Slutsky was the chief physician of the Chisinau Jewish Hospital, where the wounded and killed were taken during the pogrom. The memoirs are important not only as an accurate list of facts of violence, they also contain important anthropological generalizations: the author shows how easily, under certain conditions, dehumanization occurs, and people begin to rob, rape and kill their once good friends and neighbors. The book was published in Chisinau in 1930, was never reprinted and was known only to a narrow circle of specialists. This scientific publication was prepared by professional historians from Moldova and Russia and is addressed to a wide audience.