The book says that with the help of thinking, a person creates a second reality - the world of signs - which is built on top of the basic reality - the world of nature. The mechanisms of thinking that form the semantic sphere of human life are considered. It is assumed that in the course of the evolution of mental processes, a person’s bodily and then mental self-identification occurs, as well as the identification of his world, which has certain spatiotemporal characteristics. The meaning of evolution is considered from the point of view of information processes, which, with the advent of man, move from the bodily level to the mental level and determine the characteristics of human culture. The main task of this book is to contribute to the formation of a new worldview based on understanding the essence of information processes, determining its main characteristics that will help everyone of us live our lives more consciously and responsibly.