The volume is dedicated to the events of a century and a half period, from the mid-17th to the end of the 18th century, a very difficult time, marked by contradictory processes of the development of capitalist manufacturing in the West and the enslavement of the peasantry in the East of Europe, the formation of parliamentary constitutionalism in England and decisive successes in the establishment of bureaucratized absolute monarchies on the continent. At the same time, through the successes of the rationalistic approach to reality, maturing in the 18th century. The ideology of the Enlightenment becomes a determining component of the cultural climate of Europe, creating a new cultural unity at a secular, supra-confessional level.