This monograph collects and analyzes all available materials regarding the history and fate of the Jews in the small shtetl (town) of Mstislavl in Belarus - from the first known Jewish presence in the shtetl several hundred years ago to the tragic days of the Holocaust. The history of the Jewish community of Mstislavl is described not in isolation from the general history of Mstislavl, but as part of the history of this city. The monograph describes the lives and achievements of a surprisingly large number of famous Mstislav Jews who made great improvements in scientific and social theories in many areas of human knowledge. Particular attention was paid to the tragic days of 1941, when almost the entire Jewish population, including children, women and the elderly, was exterminated by the Nazis. The monograph provides a complete list of Jews killed by the Nazis during World War II. In essence, the history of the Jews of Mstislavl, described in this monograph, is a typical history of many Jewish shtetls in Eastern Europe.