In this work, the Director of the Institute of International Security Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dean of the Faculty of World Politics of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, former Secretary of the Russian Security Council A.A. Kokoshin examines the theoretical and applied problems of the concept of “real sovereignty” that he put forward in the late 1990s. The validity of this concept is illustrated by him, in particular, by the policies of states such as China and India. The author dwells on the importance of this concept for Russia, for Russian foreign, defense, economic, and scientific policies. The book presents a number of specific proposals and developments by the author on these issues. The publication is addressed to specialists and a wide range of readers - teachers, graduate students and students of humanities universities, everyone interested in the problems of world politics and Russian foreign policy. 3rd edition, expanded and supplemented.