Nowadays, the Nobel Prize is the highest honor for human intelligence. In addition, this award can be classified as one of the few awards known to every person. The value of the award is high, since only a small number of applicants with outstanding merit can hope to receive the award. The percentage is divided into five equal parts: an important discovery or invention in the field of physics; an important discovery or improvement in the field of chemistry; an important discovery in the field of physiology or medicine; an outstanding literary work of an idealistic direction; making a substantial contribution to the unity of nations, the abolition of slavery or the reduction of existing armies, and the promotion of peace congresses. In addition, without connection with Nobel's will, since 1969, on the initiative of the Swedish Bank, a prize in his name in economics has also been awarded. In this book, we introduce readers to the most prominent Nobel Prize laureates of the 20th century.