“Greek miracle.” With the help of these two words, the authors of books and articles devoted to Greek civilization, its origins and development, often try to express the entire complex range of thoughts and feelings that are associated in their minds with this unusual historical phenomenon in all respects. But what wonderful thing did “this semi-wild slave-owning people, who very well depicted the nudity of the human body and built pleasant-looking buildings,” as Leo Tolstoy once said about the Greeks, not without a touch of irony? This is what this work is devoted to.