The second volume of the book describes the outbreak of the civil war in Rome, when the army and its leaders (L.K. Sulla, G. Marius, G. Pompey, etc.) began to play an increasing role in the socio-political life of the country. In 49 -45 Caesar became the unlimited ruler of the state, then a new period of civil war ended with the victory of Octavian, when Rome became an empire. In the II century. the empire reached its maximum borders, but uprisings of the local population in the conquered lands, combined with the invasion of barbarians, led to the division of the empire into Eastern and Western. The reader’s interest will be aroused by the interweaving of factual material with legends and myths, as well as numerous illustrations. Contents: The struggle of the leaders of the plebeians and parties inside and outside the state - 3 pp. Decline of the Roman Republic - 161 pp. Roman Empire - 186 pp. Division of the Roman Empire - 363 pp. Eastern and Western Roman Empires - 416 pp. Fall of the Western Roman Empire - 428 pp.