The book analyzes in detail the process of formation of modern Chinese literature, as well as the development of its directions and genres - from the “hundred schools” and the “cultural revolution” to neorealism and feminist creativity. Chen Xiaoming pays considerable attention to the problems of periodization, the connection between literature and the historical process, as well as discussions about the essence of the very term “modern literature” and the distinction between it and “modern” literature. These and other questions are considered by the author using the example of the most outstanding works, authors and schools of the second half of the 20th century. For students and specialists in the field of literary studies, sinology, history and anyone interested in Chinese culture.