The CIS and Baltic countries are exhausted by conflicts of an ethnic nature: Abkhazia and Transnistria, Karabakh and Chechnya, Tajikistan and Fergana, Latvia and Tuva... “Armenian question”, “Jewish question”, “German question” “Newcomers” and “indigenous”, “citizens” and “non-citizens”... The problem of national intolerance existed during the years of the communist regime, but was kept silent and hidden in every possible way. Domestic science has not studied this problem. In those years, it was allowed to write only about the friendship of peoples and proletarian internationalism. Therefore, the proposed anthology is more than relevant. The fragments of works of famous psychologists, ethnologists, and publicists presented in it allow readers to develop a clear, comprehensive, scientifically based idea of the essence and causes of interethnic enmity.