Thomas Malthus is an English scientist, demographer and economist. He is the author of the theory that population growth leads to decreased prosperity and mass starvation. Hence, Malthus considered wars and epidemics to be a true benefit for humanity, since they help reduce the number of people on Earth so that those who remain live better. Aurelio Peccei, a major Italian industrialist and public figure, writer and publicist, was the founder and first president of the famous Club of Rome. Peccei, like Malthus, believed that the Earth was “too crowded” and proposed his own ways to reduce the human population. The book contains the main works of T. Malthus and A. Peccei.