The first biography of Nikolai Konstantinovich Baibakov (1911–2008) is offered to the attention of readers. a major statesman, oil worker, economist, who is rightfully considered one of the founders of the modern domestic oil and gas industry, a leading specialist and organizer of work in the field of development of oil and gas fields. For two decades, N. K. Baibakov headed the State Planning Committee of the USSR. They included many specific cases and implemented projects - national and international scale. One of the last Stalinist people's commissars, he worked with I.V. Stalin, L.M. Kaganovich and L.I. Beria; N. S. Khrushchev, L. I. Brezhnev and A. N. Kosygin; M. S. Gorbachev and N. I. Ryzhkov. The personality of Nikolai Konstantinovich and his varied activities are traced by the author based on the wide use of archival and memoir sources.