This book is about those years that, according to the author, “are called the years of transition to the new economic policy and which are the last years of the life of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.” Written in the 60s, it reached the reader only in the late 80s and received recognition for the depth and honesty of its coverage of political, economic, and moral problems. The second edition of the book has been significantly expanded with new materials discovered in the writer’s personal archive.Addressed to a wide range of readers.