A chance circumstance led to the greatest discovery in modern times of repositories of ancient manuscripts. They were discovered in caves in the desert area of Wadi Qumran, near the northwestern coast of the Dead Sea (Jordan) in 1947. The Qumran manuscripts provided science with one of the missing links in the complex chain of history of the birth of Christianity. The publication of the Qumran manuscripts and their careful historical and philological study will help to lift the veil of mystery that shrouded early Christianity and scientifically establish the specific historical process of its origin. This is the great significance of the Qumran finds for scientific and atheistic propaganda. In 1960 and 1961. A book by I. D. Amusin “Dead Sea Manuscripts” was published, dedicated to the Qumran finds, but it quickly sold out and turned out to be inaccessible to many who wanted to get acquainted with these discoveries. The research published in scientific journals by I. D. Amusin, K. B. Starkova, and N. A. Meshchersky is intended for specialists. This new short book by I. D. Amusin is brought to the attention of readers and is written in a popular form, concise and fascinating.